Title:Greed and Grievance in Civil War
Authors: [alphabetically]Paul Collier, and Anke Hoeffler
Pub. Date:March 1, 2002
Full Text:Adobe Acrobat (PDF) [233 KB]
We investigate the causes of civil war, using a new data set of wars during 1960-99. Rebellion may be explained by atypically severe grievances, such as high inequality, a lack of political rights, or ethnic and religious divisions in society. Alternatively, it might be explained by atypical opportunities for building a rebel organization. Opportunity may be determined by access to finance, such as the scope for extortion of natural resources, and for donations from a diaspora population. Opportunity may also depend upon factors such as geography: mountains and forests may be needed to incubate rebellion. We test these explanations and find that opportunity provides considerably more explanatory power than grievance. Economic viability appears to be the predominant systematic explanation of rebellion. "
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